The phrase "zama zama asked for beef underground" refers to a recent situation in Stilfontein, South Africa, involving zama zamas—informal miners working in abandoned gold mines. These miners became trapped underground during a standoff with police, who had sealed off access points to prevent illegal mining. Reports revealed harrowing conditions, with some miners surviving on toothpaste and even fighting over scraps of food.

They sent desperate messages asking for food, water, and medication, including antiretroviral drugs for those with HIV. The police initially resisted allowing supplies into the mine but were ordered by a court to provide necessities. This directive aimed to preserve lives, but those who surfaced would face arrest or medical assessment. Rescue efforts were complicated by the miners' fear of legal repercussions and the dangerous conditions in the mine. The case highlights the broader issues of illegal mining in South Africa, including exploitation, health risks, and violent conflicts.

Advocacy groups have urged the government to regulate small-scale mining to mitigate these problems.